A Report On The On Bp Meds - 1520 Words

Jeremy! Good morning sweet cakes. Send me a SIGN! Why? Just because. I passed a Mac dump truck last night coming home. Jeremy, Its to the point I figure Ill see a line of mini s on fire (I did see one on the side of the road 2 nights ago). You know everything I see and hear I relate to you... I do have to come get my blood pressure medicine, YES Im on BP meds.. only 10mg (I believe its genetic)... plus its been pretty normal since I lost 60 pounds! So hopefully I can get off of it sometime. But I am not to worried, it just add it to my daily cocktail. Plus you get my blood flowing. You know my Johnna/Todd/Lavania/Dale are going to Orlando the first week of June. I was going to go with them (Johnna and todd were even going to swing by and pick me up). They invited Barbara as well. I was looking forward to it, I had nothing else better to living in ATL, except for buying my own condo/house my goal was by the end of next october (live in shit on solace for 2 years without a car and hopefully save up enough for a downpayment). You probably already know all of this. The point being I don t want to go without you. We both know if I go I ll think about what it what it d be like with you there and how much I would love it. I m sure you are a billionaire so we could potentially get our ownnnn spot where they are staying and even make Barbara tag along with us and MASON! Along with anyone else you want. TELL ME HOW AMAZING THAT WOULD BE? exactly... phenomenal. I don t knowShow MoreRelatedThe Management Of Co Morbidities : America Is An Escalating Dilemma For Advance Practice Nurses1294 Words   |  6 Pagespractitioners with potentially ravaging, though preventable outcomes. Case Study Mr. Hightower is a 52 year old male with a PMH Type 2 DM, Hyperlipidemia, and HTN. 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Australia s Financial Stability With Inflation Under Control

1. Introduction Following two decades of constant growth, substantial employment, contained inflation, minimal public debt and a solid financial system as a result of years of structure and policy reforms, Australia today has one of the strongest and largest mixed market economy in the world. Since the early 1980s, successive governments have deregulated financial and labour markets and reduced trade barriers making Australia one of the Asia–Pacific’s wealthiest nations who has enjoyed more than two decades of economic expansion. Although Australia managed to emerge from the global financial crisis relatively unscathed, their impetus expenditure by the previous Labour government generated a fiscal deficit. Australia is globally†¦show more content†¦Australia’s economy over the past decade has improved steadily. Over the 2004 – 2013 period, the GDP averaged at USD1.05 trillion1 and rise in GDP per capita from USD30,449 in 2004 to USD67,4732 in 2013. Rich in natural resources, one of the biggest sources of Australia’s income comes from exporting iron ore to their biggest trading partner – China where demand is highly sought after by the construction industry. Chinese demand for steel rocketed over the past decade as their economy flourished thus jacking up the prices for iron ore - the raw material to produce steel. This led to a boom in Australia’s mining industry from 2004 which saw an increase in contribution to GDP (see table 1)3. Table 1Historical Data Chart Australia was thriving with an annual GDP growth rate averaging 3.01% until late 2008 to 2009 which plummeted to 1.73%4. They suffered the same fate as rest of the world, somewhat more insulated, with the impact of the Global financial crisis (GFC) after announcement of the collapse of Lehman Brothers. The clear evident impact of the financial crisis on most Australian households was the large decline in equity prices which had fallen by about 50% and dropped further in early 20095. Business and consumer confidence fell as a result of reduced wealth of Australian households. The same was observed in external demand i.e. demand for Australia’s

Residency and Taxation in Australia †Free Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the Residency and Taxation in Australia. Answer: Introduction In the modern day, the effect of globalization has taken the world at a storm making it indeed a global village. There is a closer interplay of factors that determine conducting business activities on a global scale. One of these variables is taxation. While individual countries have their policies detailing the manner in which taxation can be imposed on foreign who have sought citizenship, Australia in particular has a very different approach to this. It therefore means that taxation and citizenship is a delicate part of foreign policy across all the countries in the world. The situation that Kit presents is one that mirrors dual citizenship although there is a generally overlapping of issues which makes it important for an in-depth analysis. The essay will undertake a very analytical perspective in putting across the view whether kit is a permanent resident of Australia or not and the general taxation purposes that can be derived from this establishment. The issues of Residency The most crucial determinant in establishing whether a foreign is a resident of another country is the nature of their behavior. This will cue in their investments, assets, family residence as well as their own residence which could be different. For case of Kit, first of all he is mentioned as a permanent resident of Australia which basically indicates that he stays the better part of his year or rather life in Australia. In general, his life revolves around Australia. Despite working for an Indonesian company, the basic part of it is that he has to go back to his residence (Passenger Movement Charge, 2010). Kit is more identified in Australia using the social constructs than any other country in which he has an association with, be it business or family. In essence, the first aspect that qualifies him to be Australian is as aforementioned, his permanent residence in Australia in that regard. His parent nationality which is Chilean is only but ceremonial. He has established very minimal contact with it. More so, the fact that he spends most of his time in Australia indicates that he may as well go on without even attending to any issues that might crop up in Chile. In this regard, it is therefore very difficult to peg his nationality on Chile because generally, it is the country that an individual is able to undertake most of his holdings that will have a bigger bearing on their lives and this will also take a center stage when it comes to the determination of the international citizenship as well. However, Kit has some of his portfolio in Chile which also generates some income for him. In this case, he has to spend most of this income on the country the stays in which is Australia . While some of this can be spent in Chile, it is probable that he will always spend most of it in the country that he resides in which is Australia (Taylor Transnam, 2016). Chile will only ac t as a production center or rather a foreign investment to Kit because of his general behavior regarding the handling of his business. A key tenet of establishing citizenship is the location of the family at that particular time in point and whether the person stays with them or not. All this constitutes to the aspect of an individual behavior in view of his national identity or rather his citizenship in that matter. Kit qualifies as an Australian citizen because of the fact that he stays with his family in Australia (Federal Court of Australia, 2010). In fact they actually moved there fours before he ended up working for an Indonesian company. Kit has all of his family in Australia. Even so, it also indicates that Kit pays visits to his family when he is not committed because that explains the nature of their stay since Kit is away most of the time. In this regard, Kits wife has lived in Australia for four years and their two children which pretty much sums up the fact that Kit is an Australian citizen. Lastly, understanding his residency will also center on the aspect of property ownership; in this case, the fact that he even bought a house in Australia indicates that he has particularly established his citizenship as Australian rather than Chilean. Taxation purposes A number of factors act as guiding tools in the case study in order to understand the manner in which taxes can be imposed on Kit owing to his residency. As aforementioned, Kits behavior which is a key determinant of residency concludes that his residency is Australian and therefore he will be covered under the Australian law that spells out this taxation (Australian Tax Office, 2016). The following aspects qualifies him to be liable to have his salary and investment be under the Australian stipulations. First, he has opened up a bank along with his wife in Australia. Presumably, his salary is paid through this bank; the Westpac Bank located in Australia. His earnings will therefore have to go through the Australian scrutiny along with his wife as well if she is working. Furthermore, since Kit has a permanent Australian residency as mentioned in the case study, it only means that his earnings in Chile have to stream into Australia where he lives. As mentioned earlier, Chile only plays a role of an investment location but the returns have to be redirected to Australia owing to the fact that this is his residency (Office of the State Revenue, 2015). More so, management of his returns is also likely to be conducted in Australia. It is even easier to conclude this because he has a bank account in Australia; the Westpac Bank. Conclusion In summary, the delicate nature of residency and taxation means that means that individuals have to bear the brunt of taxes in other countries which could end up different from those in their parent countries. Kit a Chilean by birth has a permanent residency which is proved by his family stay, his financial obligations due to his bank account in Australia, much of his stay there as well and most importantly his investments streaming into Australia as well as his salary payments. In particular, having is salary paid in an Australian Bank means that he is taxed by the Australian authorities. References Australia Tax Office (2016). Exempt foreign employment income, ATO. Retrieved from: dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/corporate/protocol-guidelines/Pages/6-exemption-from-duties-and-taxes.aspx Federal court of Australia (2010). Immigration and border protection: migration, practice and procedure. Retrieved from: www.fedcourt.gov.au/publications/judgments/latest Office of the State Revenue (2015). Payroll Tax rates and thresholds. Queensland Treasury and Trade press. Passenger Movement Charge (2013). Australia Customs and Border protection service, PMC . Retrieved from: https://austaxpbr.com.au/document/PBR_69660 Taylor, J., Tran-Nam, B. (2016). Interdisciplinary nature of taxation. eJournal of Tax Research, vol. 14 pp. 55-68.

Sparsh Essay Example

Sparsh Essay For further information: a touch can do wonders Call toll free No. :1800 209 9000 a touch can do wonders E-mail: [emailprotected] com Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. , Oncology Division White House, Block-1, Level V, Kundan Bagh, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500 016, A. P . Ph: +91 40 66022500 Mobile: 097014 40679; 097044 03422 www. drreddys. com This report has been printed on environment friendly paper. No trees have been felled in its making. patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 â€Å"We make a living by what we get, we make a life by what we give. Winston Churchill Dear Doctor, In keeping with the spirit of these famous words from Winston Churchill, we at Dr. Reddys are constantly looking at ways to reach out to the society, to make a difference and deliver on our commitment of providing affordable and innovative medicines for healthier lives. To reitterate this commitment the Sparsh program was launched in June 2006, and we have enhanced this initiative last year by making it more patient friendly where the patient can even avail the partial services of Sparsh with your approval and support. This year apart from this enhancement we have started Mitr Helpline to emotionally support all the patients and their relatives through psychological counseling. Through this little book we have also tried to give you a snapshot of the various social initiatives being anchored by Dr. Reddys. You and Sparsh can make that important difference and rekindle hope in the lives of many patients. Warm Regards, When you share with others, life begins to find its meaning. The time you touch the heart of others is the moment you truly start living. Ritha Chandrachud Sr. Vice President Sales and Marketing, India 2 3 atient assistance program Everyone has a purpose in life and a unique talent to a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 give to others. And when we blend this unique talent with service to others, we experience the ecstasy and exultation of own spirit, which is the ultimate goal of all goals Dr. Anji Reddy Core purpose Our values Providing affordable innovative medicin es for Healthier lives Excellence in everything we think, say and do Quality Respect for the Individual Innovation Continuous Learning Collaboration Teamwork Harmony Social Responsibility Truth, Integrity and Transparency We will write a custom essay sample on Sparsh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sparsh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sparsh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Quality Respect for the individual Innovation of continuous learning Collaboration Teamwork Harmony Social responsibility 4 5 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 Dr. Reddys Laboratories is a global, vertically integrated pharmaceutical company with presence across the value chain. Over the years, related diversification and acquisitions transformed Dr. Reddys into a leading Pharmaceutical company from India. Our companys stated purpose is to provide affordable and innovative medicines for healthier lives. Dr. Reddys today is divided into three core businesses of Pharmaceutical services Active Ingredients (PSAI), Generics and Proprietory Products. Through our PSAI and Generic business, we strive to make medicines more accessible and affordable globally and through our focus on proprietory products we address unmet or poorly met medical needs. Providing affordable and innovative medicines for healthier lives Pharmaceutical Services Active Ingredients Generics Proprietory Products 6 7 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 Aligning Purpose Sustainability Al se and Sus urpo tai P na ng bi ni l g i Sustainability is reinforced by the business we are in. At Dr. Reddys, we aim to help people lead healthier lives through two parallel objectives: delivering affordable and accessible medication to all parts of the world and discovering, developing and commercialising innovative medicines that meet unmet medical needs. However, it is not enough to improve affordability and accessibility alone, or to increase innovation capacity. These contributions to the world need to be delivered in a sustainable and responsible way. As a company, we have embraced the Triple bottom line approach to sustainability. While all companies are led by their purpose, being reminded of it everyday in the midst of short term demands is possible by living the Values. Therefore, while there may be many business cases for pursuing sustainability, at Dr. Reddys, our commitment is anchored to our Values. The Values are universal, unchanging and provide space for creativity in the path of sustainability. And this commitment we deepen in our systems, processes, structure and thus in our performance. Values Excellence in everything we think, say and do Triple bottom line approach Leading sustainable business practices i ty Quality Respect for the Individual Innovation Continuous Learning Collaboration Teamwork Harmony Social Responsibility Truth, Integrity and Transparency People (Customers, Shareholders, Employees, Society) Making medicines affordable and meeting unmet medical needs Profit (Execution excellence) Planet (Environment protection) Active citizenship Finding solutions for key social issues Sustainable livelihoods quality education 8 9 patient assistance program Talking about Sparsh, G V Prasad, the Vice Chairman CEO, Dr Reddys Laboratories added, a ouch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 patient assistance program the Sparsh initiative is a first step to serve the needs of the patients by increasing access and affordability of medicine. patient assistance program We understand the dilemma that doctors and patients face in cancer therapy. The care is very expensive and it can be financially debilitating f or most patients. This is a reality we are acutely aware of at Dr Reddys and Dr. Reddys Oncology initiatives a touch can do wonders Helping patients with Cancer Sparsh is a unique Patient Assistance Program developed by Dr. Reddys and is aimed at increasing accessibility of expensive medicines for Indian patients. Sparsh helps to provide high-quality oncology drugs free of cost to patients through their doctors. Doctors as Sparsh patrons, carefully identify and recommend the most needy patients to the program. This pioneering program unheard of in the history of Indian Pharmaceutical industry has been able to touch the lives of over 1456 patients who received free anti-cancer drugs through Sparsh. More than 3276 Cycles of medicines were offered to the deserving patients on the recommendation of the â€Å"Sparsh† Patrons (2006-09). Our new drug RedituxTM alone benefited more than 260 patients with NonHodgkins Lymphoma since April 2007. 10 11 patient assistance program patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders A ray of hope Mr. Dixon Miranda, now feels energetic, looks after his grandchildren, loves to play piano and go for walk with his wife after an effective NHL therapy with Sparsh support for Reditux as recommended by his oncologist. Mr. Dixon Miranda, Mumbai Mr. Y Prasad, a Municipal License Surveyor in Kakinada, aged 56 years, endured with severe joint pain in the leg. Ingestion of pain killers could not give the desired outcome, hence was compelled to approach an Orthopaedician, who suggested a biopsy test and was diagnosed as cancer. The entire family was apprehensive on his life threat. Sparsh on Reditux with Chemotherapy was referred by his oncologist as a life saving medicine after completing 6 cycles, with significant improvement he says†¦ I thank Dr. Reddys Laboratories for giving me hope to live Mr. Pandey, Delhi My mother is 75 yr old and she is dependent on me. Though conventional chemo was cheaper and affordable but my doctor suggested for Dr. Reddys drugs for better outcome and survival. 12 Mr. Y Prasad, Kakinada 13 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 Even after listening to the advantages, I could not decide for the drug because the therapy was very expensive. The Dr. briefed me about the Sparsh initiative by Dr. Reddys by which the additional expenses have come down to almost half. Its a very good initiative for old age patients, when life expectancy after therapy is known to be short; Sparsh minimizes the burden of chemotherapy from the family members and allowing the patient to fight against cancer. PromoteIndia is a collaborative initiative between Dr. Reddys and ICON. It is focused at meeting the requirement of creating a pool of trained physicians across the country to help the cause of early diagnosis of cancer a support to cancer patients in tertiary locations. To bridge this gap between early detection of cancer good support to the cancer patients, PromoteIndia has been able to train a pool of 1000 plus physicians across the country between February 2008 till March 2009. This year (2009-10), our aspiration is to reach out to 10,000 plus physicians across the country. PromoteIndia is a collaborative initiative of various teams divisions in Dr. Reddys India business. This program has received an overwhelming response from the participants who have appreciated the efforts of Dr. Reddys as an organization committed to Awareness Education about cancers. 14 15 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 The core purpose of Dr. Reddys is Providing affordable innovative medicines for healthier lives. As we work on this agenda, we would like to extend our sense of social responsibility to a wider mass of people. We realize that every segment of the populace is afflicted with unfortunate illnesses, many of which can get cured if detected early. Cancer is one of these. In todays world of changing lifestyles, the menace of the Cancer, in all its varied types, is a disease that afflicts many. As a corporate, we have cases in our own organizations and in the larger families of our employees. We, at Dr. Reddys, have decided to partner with organizations that are interested to spread awareness of what causes the disease, what could help detect (if not prevent it altogether) it early and look at timely curative interventions. Most important, how do we as patients, family and society help respond to the challenge psychologically. Awareness for Life is one of our initiatives to educate Corporate India on these lines. As part of our Endeavour, we are offering various interested organizations a talk and interactive session by a medical oncologist, provide awareness booklets, and possibly even, arrange for individual consultations as well as subsidized screening for high risk group(s). This program has been conducted at 100 various reputed organization across the country with coverage of more than 10000 people during this year. 6 17 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 Mitr is a patient relationship program, a toll-free initiative from Dr. Reddys, a warm caring companion to help patients fight against cancer. It offers psychological counseling emotional support to patients their relatives also provide self care tips and tips on compliance. Mitr is not an alternativ e to medical advice does not recommend / suggest doctors / institutions or respond to medical queries. It only deals with psychological counseling. Mitr was started in the month of November 2008 and since then we have been able to provide emotional support to more than 400 patients and we look forward to provide warmth Support to many more. We could able to capture the emotions of few patients whom Mitr services were rendered. Pankaj Ghosh, Kolkata Mitr is an extremely good initiative of Dr Reddys ! Initially, I had a confusion whether I was getting the right product at right price for my mother, a call to Mitr puts me at peace specially during the time when I required it the most to continue the treatment for my mother. My mother has completed 4th cycles and is feeling fine. I am extremely happy for her and all the services provided by Mitr-Counseling services. Wish you all good luck. May you continue to help the patients†¦? 18 19 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 Our planet is faced with a climate crisis that has reached the level of a global emergency. The disastrous effects of mans indiscriminate exploitation of finite natural resources are being seen and felt around the world, threatening the very survival of people and our planet. None of us can ignore the role we play in this catastrophe nor our responsibility to prevent it from escalating. In an attempt to minimize the impact of our operations on the environment through responsible use of natural resources at the same time trying to continuously reduce our environmental footprint by minimizing the cutting of trees we have recently initiated Go Green Campaign for all our marketing promotions. All our communications will be eco-friendly on recycled paper. Apart from Paperless promotion we have some in-house initiatives to serve our planet. Innovation Plaza, the green building (see picture) According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, a green building is a practice of creating tructures using processes that are environment friendly and resource-efficient throughout the buildings life cycle from visualization to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction without compromising the classical building design issues of economy, utility, durability and comfort. Green chemistry engineering We work towards developing products and manufact uring processes which make our operations inherently safe and environmentally friendly by employing techniques of Green Chemistry Engineering. 20 21 patient assistance program a ouch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 DRFHE was launched in 2002 to address unfulfilled health education needs provide Value-added benefits to various stakeholder groups, specifically the patient community, doctors and nurses. DRFHE has been instrumental in conducting various courses related to health education for the benefit of doctors assistants, nurses resident doctors. DRFHE oncology partnership to create a more integrative healthcare service, by giving healthcare professionals the tools skills they need to provide value added assistance to the medical fraternity. At the same time, DRFHE also seeks to improve patient knowledge understanding of disease. For example, Life at Your Doorstep, DRFHEs palliative care initiative, helps terminally ill patients and their families to better manage serious illnesses. On January 14, 2008, DRFHE launched a pioneering palliative care program called Life at your doorstep, directed at providing relief to patients suffering from terminal illnesses through symptom and pain management. A doctor, nurse and patient counsellor travel to the patients residence in a fully equipped medical van to provide the necessary home care service. Palliative care is addressed as much towards the patients family as the patient, helping them to cope with their loved ones illness. DRFHE covered nine patients in the two months that it was operational in FY08. 22 23 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 a program which will address to the development of certain skills and competencies required for the day to day operations of a pharmacist. The program would also focus on patient handling skills and general management. Sanjeevani means one that infuses life. L i v i n g We l l i s c o l l a b o r a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e Dr. Reddys Foundation for Health Education (DFRHE) and the Art of Living Foundation to increase awareness on the importance of lifestyle in the prevention and management of chronic illnesses with customized program that are focused on creating positivity, self-confidence and a renewed zest for life among those afflicted by chronic illness. A month-long Certificate Program in Cancer Counseling has been developed for participants with a background in bioscience. This program equips them with knowledge of medicine, nutrition, psychology, sociology and physiotherapy leading to a specialization in cancer counseling. The participants receive an opportunity to undergo training with doctors in the field of oncology and counsel patients in cancer hospitals. The program launched its first batch in December 2007. Following this, two programs covering 11 participants were rolled out, eliciting a positive response from doctors. 24 25 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 TO ING CH U THE INNER CI R A doctors profession requires a lot more than excellent clinical knowledge. The art of patient relationship management is an area of advantage to the young oncologist. To meet this requirement we have initiated a unique program called Glioz Inner Circle. Glioz Inner Circle is designed to infuse the desire of the young doctors to establish, achieve and flourish. This one year program is for the budding doctors that cover all what is not taught in a medical school. The program addresses the 3 vital success factors: ? Management and business acumen ? Patient management skills and competencies ? Attitude and personality This program is aimed at helping budding doctors develop soft skills, enhancing their competence and strengthening doctor-patient relationships. Through this program, doctors learn skill enhancement techniques and gain pragmatic knowledge and insights for building a thriving practice. We have facilitated this service more than 50 young oncologists from Hyderabad, Bangalore, Delhi Chandigarh and plan to reach to more than 200 young oncologists all India. CL E 26 27 patient assistance program a Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 We recognize that the profession of nursing encompasses wide ranging functions and responsibilities, and that the care given to patients goes a long way in boosting patient morale. In view of this, a special program called Abhilasha has been introduced for the oncology nurses. The focus of the program is soft skill development in addition to their professional expertise, thus enhancing nursing efficiency and confidence. As of now, 93 Abhilasha had been rolled out, benefiting 3,320 participants and receiving unanimous appreciation from participants and doctors for their novelty and impact. 09-10 28 09-10 touch can do wonders 29 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 manthan DRFHE is excited to bring a powerful, life transforming workshops for the consultants that will help to achieve greater productivity, stronger team work, increased influence in all key relationships, a more balanced life and a sense of peace in life. This workshop is a step towards the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) that includes medical, managerial, social and personal skills DRFHE will help provide the necessary solutions to overcome these challenges and to attain Greatness. How to progress from good to great by rediscovering ourselves? Individual doctors while keeping themselves up to date on good medical practice, would also need to embrace broader skills that include relationship with patients, working with colleagues, management, communication, team building etc. This DRFHE workshop uses a 360 degree assessment tool that measure 4 leadership competencies. These are interpersonal skills, walking the talk, decision making and inspiring. The workshop focuses on empowering, challenging and connecting. Mantra would be conducted through two days interactive workshop and if need be followed up with executive coaching over a year. 30 31 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 By giving back to society through innovative and farreaching social investments and pioneering developmental programs, we hope to help create a more equitable and sustainable world. LABS (Livelihood Advancement Business School) initiative Dr. Reddys Foundation makes an important contribution to sustainable social development through its pioneering programs in the areas of education and livelihood creation. Working in partnership with various state governments in India, DRFs Livelihood Advancement Business School (LABS) and Neighborhood Schools program reach out to thousands of underprivileged youth. Employees at our manufacturing units organized road shows to enroll village youth in the Foundations LABS programs. Employees were trained by LABS personnel to train enrolled participants in turn. These road shows were received with great enthusiasm. As many as 140 people enrolled in the livelihood skills program, 100 participated, 80 completed the program and 60 were placed in jobs. This unique program has made a significant difference in the lives of many formerly unemployed youth. 32 33 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 DRF has set up LABS programs across India in partnership with the central and state governments, NGOs and the private sector. They provide shortterm vocational training courses to the economically deprived to make them employable. Brief profiles of LABS programs are given below: In partnership with government Grameen: Aimed at creating rural livelihoods, this program receives funding from the Ministry of Rural Development (Government of India) through its Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana. Grameen LABS centers have now come up across several states in India. The Urban Program for Advancement of Households Income: This program is run in association with Commissioner and Director Municipal Administration (CDMA) and AP Urban Services for the Poor (APUSP). The APUSP is being funded by the Department for International Development, UK. Indira Kranthi Patham: This initiative is funded by the World Bank in partnership with the Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty. The jobs component of the project is being implemented by the Employment Generation Marketing Mission (Department of Rural Development, Government of AP). 34 35 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 KARV (Kallam Anji Reddy Vidyalaya) Dr. Reddys Foundation facilitates quality education at English medium schools for underprivileged children. Over the last decade, DRF has helped withdraw children from work and mainstream them into schools. It has partnered with government schools to improve educational quality and conduct bridge courses for those who missed educational continuity. DRF instituted Kallam Anji Reddy Vidyalaya for deprived urban children in November 2001 with 256 students. This school has grown to a strength of 1,500 students today. The school graduated to English medium education from the academic year 2007-08 to meet growing needs. 36 37 atient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 Pudami Pudami English Primaries: To extend the benefit of English medium education to a number of urban poor, DRF initiated 14 Pudami English Primaries. These primaries (nursery to Class five) cover 1,200 children and are situated in large population clusters of the urban poor, serving as feeders for ‘Pudami’ neighbourhood schools. DRF’s Pudami neighbourhood schools provide th e marginalized and lower income community with high quality English medium education. Around five schools are being constructed and will accommodate over 2,000 children when complete in 2009. 38 39 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 CSIM to learn to heal to raise CSIM Centre for Social Initiative Management (CSIM) CSIM, established in the year 2002, provides a learning platform to individuals for pursuing social initiatives. It offers courses on social issues such as: ? vocational training to disabled persons ? improving the quality of education and introduction of environmental mprovement programs in government schools to youth to learn to heal to raise The following training programs were conducted by CSIM NGO Management and Social Entrepreneurship Certificate Program: v This was designed to equip socially committed individuals with an understanding of the scope of social entrepreneurship, opportunities and ways to address organizational and resource challenges. P. G. Diploma v in Social Initiative and Management: This c ourse, aimed at those interested in pursuing a career in the development sector, completed its second batch in June 2008. 0 41 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 Employee giving program The Power of 10 is Dr. Reddys employee giving program, under which employees can contribute Rs. 10 a month (or multiples of 10), a sum matched by Dr. Reddys, for onward donation to Naandi Foundation, a non-profit, non-governmental organization. Some of the achievements of the Power of 10 program include: v of 10 touches the health of more than 45,000 school The Power children in Hyderabad government schools through The School Child Health Program. The Power of 10 paves the way for achieving grade-specific competence in 287 Hyderabad government primary schools, impacting 44,533 children through an Ensuring children learn program. v of 10 focuses on mother and child health in 100 villages in The Power the tribal region of Paderu (Visakapatnam district) throu gh the Safe motherhood child healthcare program. 42 43 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 The School Child Health Program The School Health Program, which draws all its funding from The Power of 10, believes that a child must be healthy to succeed in school. Under this program, children requiring medical care are treated at the school outpatient center and also admitted to the school health ward at a leading Hospital as in-patients. A number undergo surgeries free of cost. The program also aims to increase health awareness among parents. The health data of children is properly maintained to enable caregivers to track the childs medical history. Ensuring Children Learn The Ensuring Children Learn program (a joint initiative of Government of Andhra Pradesh and Naandi Foundation) aims to improve learning and education quality in government primary schools. The program aims to reduce school dropouts by providing grade-specific competence as children move from class to class. This is ensured through direct academic support, learning level measurement, government school teacher support, child learning tracking system, community involvement and focused support to the girl child. To achieve grade-specific competence, Academic Support Centers are run by a Community Activist. Several programs enhance awareness on the importance of education among parents. One of the highlights of the academic year 2007-08, unique to Naandi-run schools, was that children were provided with diaries to inculcate the habit of writing. 44 45 patient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 Safe Motherhood Child Healthcare Program Infant deaths in the tribal area of Paderu were unreasonably high, at 83 per 1000 live births. Of the total Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), nearly 70% comprised neo-natal and early neo-natal deaths. The Safe Motherhood Child Healthcare Program was created to remedy this situation and aimed to enlist community participation without challenging traditional sentiments. As a result, traditional birth attendants were trained in hygienic delivery procedures and were encouraged to seek formal medical assistance in critical situations. Thanks to this timely training, 60 challenging medical cases came to light over a period of six months, saving the lives of mothers and their infants through timely transportation via ambulance to a nearby hospital. 46 47 atient assistance program a touch can do wonders Toll free No. : 1800 209 9000 Community development around manufacturing locations Each manufacturing centre of Dr Reddys elects a cross-functional CSR team from among its employees which, along with Dr Reddys Foundation, undertakes various social development programs like Upgradation of educational healthcare facilities in nearby villages ? Enrollment of participants in the Livelihood A dvancement Business ? School (LABS) through road shows Hosting of events to create awareness on HIV / AIDS ? 48 49

Nitrogen Essays - Industrial Gases, Nitrogen, Pnictogen, Free Essays

Nitrogen Essays - Industrial Gases, Nitrogen, Pnictogen, Free Essays Nitrogen Nitrogen, symbol N, gaseous element that makes up the largest portion of the earth's atmosphere. The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen is in group 15 (or Va) of the periodic table. Nitrogen was discovered by the British physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772 and recognized as an elemental gas by the French chemist, Antoine Laurent Lavoiser about 1776. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless tasteless, nontoxic gas. It can be condensed into a colorless liquid, which can be compressed into a colorless, crystalline solid. Nitrogen exists in two natural forms, and four radioactive forms (artificial). Nitrogen melts at -210.01 degrees C, (-349.02 F), boils at -195.79 C (320.42 F), and has a density of 1.251 g/liter at 0 C (32 F) and 1 atmosphere pressure. The atomic weight of nitrogen is 14.007. Nitrogen is obtained from the atmosphere by passing air over heated copper of iron. The oxygen is removed from the air, leaving nitrogen mixed with inert gases. Pure nitrogen is obtained by fractional distillation of liquid air; because liquid nitrogen has a lower boiling point than liquid oxygen, the nitrogen distills of first an can be collected. Nitrogen compresses about 4/5ths by volume of the atmosphere. Nitrogen is inert and serves as a diluent for oxygen in burning and respiration processes. It is an important element in plant nutrition; certain bacteria in the soil convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form, such as nitrate, that can be absorbed by plants, a process called nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen in the form of protein is an important constituent of animal tissue. The element occurs in the combined state in minerals, of which saltpeter (KNO ) and Chile saltpeter (NaNO ) are commercially important products. Nitrogen combines with other elements only at very high temperatures of pressures. It is converted to an active form by passing through an electronic discharge at low pressure. The nitrogen so produced is very active, combining with alkali metals to form azides; with the vapor of zinc, mercury cadmium, and arsenic to form nitrides; and with many hydrocarbons to form hydrocyanic acid and cyanides, also known as nitriles. Activated nitrogen returns to ordinary nitrogen in about one minute. In the combined state nitrogen takes part in many reactions; it forms so many compounds that a systematic scheme of compounds containing nitrogen in place of oxygen was created by the American chemist Edward Franklin. In compounds nitrogen exists in all the valence states between -3 and +5. Ammonia, hydrazine, and hydroxylamine represent compounds in which the valence of nitrogen is -3, -2, and -1, respectively. Oxides of nitrogen represent nitrogen in all the positive valence states. Most of the nitrogen used in the chemical industry is obtained by the fractional distillation of liquid air. It is then used to synthesize ammonia. From ammonia produced in this manner, a wide variety of important chemical products are prepared, including fertilizers, nitric acid, urea, hydrazine, and amines. In addition, an ammonia compound is used in the preparation of nitrous oxide (N 0) a colorless gas popularly known as laughing gas. Mixed with oxygen, nitrous oxide is used as an anesthetic for some types of surgery. Used as a coolant, liquid nitrogen has found widespread application in the field of cryogenics. With the recent advent of ceramic materials that become superconductive at the boiling point of nitrogen, the use of nitrogen as a coolant is increasing. In conclusion, it seems as if Nitrogen is very helpful in the modern world. It is used in dentists office's to using it for industrial applications. Without this element the world would be a little different in some fields.

How to handle overly aggressive people at work

How to handle overly aggressive people at work Competition at work isn’t the worst thing in the world- an atmosphere where everyone strives for success can encourage personal and professional growth and make a company thrive. But when the motivation to excel gets out of hand, people can go from competitive to aggressive and alienate coworkers who are just trying to come in, do a good job, and get along with everyone. If you have a particularly aggressive or competitive coworker, here are a few strategies for neutralizing their intensity.Stand up for yourself.If your competitive coworker does something particularly egregious- like taking sole credit for a group effort or stealing choice projects out from under you- consider going to your boss or to HR and explaining the situation. You don’t want to do this often, or too early, or with weak evidence. But if the situation has escalated such that your reputation and opportunities are taking a hit? Make sure you cover your own back- in a calm and professional manner, of course.Build and keep relationships.Sometimes, aggressive coworkers aren’t content simply to talk over you in meetings and undercut you in professional setting- they’ll try to ice you out socially, as well. Your job is to rise above and be the best colleague and officemate you can be. Cultivate real relationships among your colleagues. Gain respect as a well-regarded and valuable team player. Rise above negativity. Help people out. Deliver and be true to your word. Whatever you do, don’t isolate yourself because you’re avoiding this one person- that’s what he or she wants.Stay focused on doing your job well.Keep your eyes on your own work and making it as stellar as possible. Don’t succumb to playing the competition game- you’ll never â€Å"win† against a particularly competitive colleague, and there is no battle anyway.  Compete only against yourself- do great work that people can depend on and aim to continually improve.Dou ble check your read of the situation.If you’re always getting crazy toxic competition vibes from this person, make sure that maybe you haven’t misread or misunderstood the situation. If reaching out to this coworker for a private one-on-one over a cup of coffee is an option, give it a shot. Talk about how you don’t want to compete or diminish their accomplishments, and let them know you’re not trying to one-up them. Maybe it’s all a misunderstanding. Before you make an enemy of a coworker- even in your head- make sure they’re truly adversarial and not just awkward.Take a look around.Maybe you’ve entered a culture of aggression. Is it really just that one person who’s making you feel uneasy, or is your work atmosphere highly competitive as a whole? If you assess the situation and notice that the majority of your coworkers are just as cutthroat, then the problem might be the job. If you can accept and deal with it, great. If not, you might want to consider working for a different company where there’s more of a collaborative culture.

Accounting Theory - Comparison between Positive and Normative Approach Essay

Accounting Theory - Comparison between Positive and Normative Approach - Essay Example The study of accounting theory enables to understand our past and provide us with a positive reception of how our recent practices and problems came into being. A historical investigation also tells that certain problems are continuing and may not be capable of an everlasting solution, for example, accounting for intangible and changing price levels. The accounting theory’s development came up because of needs and changes in accounting concepts and techniques. The main purpose of accounting is to plan periodic matching of revenues and cost. The accounting theory is classified into positive and normative accounting theory. This paper will take into consideration the positive and negative approach of accounting theories; their advantages and disadvantages, comparison and relationships between the two and evidence supporting that where each of the approaches might be appropriate in the current economic and business environment. Positive Approach The positive approach in accountin g starts with observations of financial information of business firms and on the basis of recurring relationships proceeds to draw overview and principles of accounting. Financial and accounting information, hence, represents recurring relationships leads to the formulation of principles. Different steps involved in positive accounting theory are: doing the observations and then recording of all the observations, analysis and then doing classification of these observations in order to detect recurring relationships, inductive derivation of principles of accounting and generalizations from those observations which signify recurring relationships and last step is the testing of generalizations (Rao, 2006, p.57). This approach is appropriate in the business environment in order to explain and forecast management’s choice of standards through analysing the benefits and costs of particular financial exposures in relation to allocation of resources and to various individuals within the economy. This theory is based on the propositions that shareholders, managers, and politicians or regulators are rational and that they try to make the best use of their utility, which is related to their reward and therefore to their wealth. The preference of an accounting policy by any of these groups depends on a comparison of the relative benefits and costs of different accounting procedures in such a way so as to maximize their utility. For example, it will be appropriate in such a business environment where it is assumed that management takes into consideration the effects of the reported accounting of numbers on political cost, information production cost, tax regulation, management compensation, and constraints found in bond-indenture provisions. The fundamental idea of the positive theory is to develop hypotheses about factors that persuade the accounting practices and to test the legality of these hypotheses empirically.     

Gone with the wind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gone with the wind - Essay Example It stood out to be as the best and the most popular film in the year, 1939. The huge cast of the film was highly embraced by the audience. The people enjoyed each and everything related to the film, also including the depiction of African Americans in it. It became as one of the highest rating film in the history of America. ‘Scarlett O'Hara’ was the character which remained highly focused in the eyes of the audience. This role was immensely played by the well-known beautiful actress, ‘Vivien Leigh’. Scarlett is the strong leading character in the film. The whole story of the film revolved around the incredible life of Scarlett. On the basis of the character, Vivien Leigh stood out to be best suitable woman for the film. She tremendously put the best of herself to portray the character of ‘Scarlett O'Hara’, and to make this film as successful as the novel. Her performance in the film is so extraordinary that it brings me no surprise that she has won the ‘Best Actress Award’ for this film. Vivian was successful to become the lifetime heroine of Margaret Mitchells. I have read this novel more than five times, and while reading the novel I used to wonder who can perfectly portray the Scarlett O’Hara? Because the character of Scarlett is put as too s trong, wild, bold, brave, confident, stubborn, somewhere proud, egoistic, shameless, intense in love matter, courageous, devoted, confusing, revenge taking, selfish, dignified, and determined towards goals. Vivian’s performance in the film has covered every inch details according to the demand of the role. The way she raised and out herself against every shot of the film, is truly applauding. I watched the film two times just to watch the legendary performance of Vivian Leigh. I really admired and adored the way she delivered her dialogues, either it was the expression of happiness, sadness, grief, aggressive, lust, bold, romantic, weeping, enthusiastic or fighting. Every dialogue threw by Vivian  Leigh perfectly matched the genre and demand of the scene.  

What is Mark Lawsons attitude towards the television programme Essay Example for Free

What is Mark Lawsons attitude towards the television programme Essay Mark Lawsons article for the Guardian Newspaper The 1940s House gives information to the readers about a television programme yet to be screened. He gives his personal and judgemental opinions but his attitude towards it is very positive. The type of language he uses in the article is flattering and persuasive. He describes the programme as fascinating, inspired, unmatched and great, this shows that he found the programme interesting and worth viewing and he would like to encourage others to watch it. Mark Lawson uses emotive language as he explains how the personal suffering that the Hymers experience is genuine. The hunger, pressure, and tensions are all inevitable parts of this experiment but they lead to fanatical behaviour, as Ben becomes Fuel Warden and dishonesty as granny half-inches a slice of cake. Hunger is a real problem with the boys becoming visibly hungry and grannys speech of guilty justification because she considers that she is always last in the food-chain. Mark Lawson suggests that the viewers will experience moral indigestion as they watch the programme: this shows his sympathy and admiration towards the Hymers as they face their daily challenges. Mark Lawson points out in his article that the educational side of the programme is exceptionally good. Many valid and interesting facts are presented softly but this makes the information easy to understand and hard to forget. For example it would be difficult to ignore the fact that many mothers died as a result of falling downs the stairs during a blackout because they wanted to comfort a crying child. He considers the programme to be a virtual experience museum and that it is a very good way of teaching people about history, particularly the young. By watching the Hymers spend nine weeks living in the 1940s we will be able to enjoy an entertaining and educational programme. After reading the article I think that Mark Lawsons attitude towards the programme was one of admiration and praise. He obviously enjoyed watching The 1940s House and this is shown throughout his writing which is informative, entertaining and persuasive and I think would encourage many readers to watch the programme. In this extract from his autobiography, John Walsh recalls his impression of life in Battersea in the 1960s. Explain how Walsh evokes his childhood in the sixties? How effectively does his choice of language convey this period of his life? John Walsh evokes his childhood memories in the 1960s by making comparisons between Battersea, where he was living and Chelsea where he would have liked to have been living. His descriptions of the two areas are in complete contrast and his desire to cross over the river shows his lack of enthusiasm for Battersea and his desire for a better life. In his autobiography he describes Chelsea as a swinging and happening place where he could marvel and be dazzled by the shops. It was where the sixties were taking place with groovy events, shops with wacky names and beautiful people but there was a bridge between him and this wonderful place. He implies that this is not just a physical obstacle, crossing a bridge, but crossing into a completely different way of life and one that he did not fit in with. His opinion of Battersea is completely different he describes it as yobdom, alien, hard, unwelcoming and unhomely. The shops are meagre with their boring names and uninteresting merchandise, and even the air smells disgusting. In my opinion his childhood was not very happy and his idyllic and dreamy impression of Chelsea gave him something to aspire to.

The Play Years Essay -- essays research papers

The Play Years   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early childhood is often characterized by endless make-believe and sociodramatic play which indicates the development of mental representation. Sociodramtic play differs from simple make-believe play in that it involves play with peers. This stage of play is often referred to as the Preoperational Stage. This is the stage immediately after Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage. The Preoperational Stage spans from two to about five or six years of age. At this stage, according to Piaget, children acquire skills in the area of mental imagery, and especially language. They are very self-oriented, and have an egocentric view; that is, preoperational children can use these representational skills only to view the world from their own perspective (http://web.psych.ualberta.ca/~mike/Pearl_Street/Dictionary/contents/P/piaget's_stages.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout early childhood, children's preoperational cognitive development is observed. Egocentrism -- being unaware of any perspectives other then their own -- is often seen is children ranging from two to six or seven years. Piaget's three mountain problem illustrates this phenomenon clearly; that is, children who looked at three mountain peaks, designated by different colors, could not pick a picture representing the three peaks from a doll's point of view. Instead, the pictures represented their own point of view.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conservation problems also are c...

Anthony and Cleopatra

Anthony and Cleopatra| | | Love; what is it? The definition states it as an intense feeling of deep affection, but is that what love really is? When it comes to my love life it has been one that has gone up and down, around every corner, from mars to the moon whatever you can say it has been everywhere. Being heartbroken is one thing I can say that relates to me when it comes to Anthony when referring to the fact that his wife’s death and imminent battle pricks Antony’s sense of duty, and he feels compelled to return to Rome.The reason I say that not that my girlfriend died but I felt I killed her in the relationship when I was younger. Love in communication, trust and belief that you will not get hurt by this person. I did everything you aren’t supposed to do. Cleopatra was pretty much my ex-girlfriend, she hated the fact that I was friends with many girls she was a drama queen who craved my full attention and no matter what I had to give it to her. Shakespeare was the creator of all this, the love, and the lust. People live their lives as it is what Shakespeare wanted Cleopatra learns of Antony’s marriage and flies into a jealous rage.That’s like women in this generation they hear about any girl you are affiliated with they automatically go crazy and get jealous regardless of what is true or not. This generation of people are used to divorce, use to cheating, fighting over stupid arguments. At the end of the day people accept it and just look for attention for example, when a messenger delivers word that Octavia is plain and unimpressive, Cleopatra becomes confident that she will win Antony back. Girls want to believe they are saints and that guys will bow down to their ever will.If there is a girl that their guy is friends with or affiliated with is less attractive than they are they just bash her and say and do what Cleopatra does. My ex-girlfriend was like her she would fight with me, yell at me if I even said hello to a female but right when she found out that she was just another female she was all happy go lucky. This day and age love is not what it used to be it is not based on the fact once you meet someone you will be with them for a long period of time you are with them till you’re tired of them. Shakespeare created what we know today as love.He is the reason we accept people because of their differences and show that we have true love for each other regardless of differences we are willing to do whatever it takes for the people we love. For example look at the twilight movies a vampire falling in love with a human, being fought over from a werewolf. The most absurd story but we as a culture love it because we love seeing people fight for each other’s love regardless of who it is, we urn for that as a culture but we have grown to accept people getting cheated on, lusting over others.Love is a cold thing but it can be beautiful if it is taking seriously and it can fulfill all you r hopes and dreams if you do what it takes. When explaining 3 fats about love you have to think about trust, loyalty and communication. When referring to my ex I did not trust that girl, trust is one thing that without it there is no relationship, and you have to have trust. Cleopatra had no trust in Anthony. The reason I say that is Cleopatra learns of Antony’s marriage and flies into a jealous rage.She did not have faith in him. Trust is one key to have true love. With me and my ex we loved each other, but we did not trust one another we would fight argue about everything and never truly had trust and faith in one another. An example of this is when Caesar dismisses Antony’s request, but he promises Cleopatra a fair hearing if she betrays her lover. How can you have trust in someone if she is willing to go behind your back and do such a thing to you?Trust is one thing that you have to have if you want a true relationship. Cleopatra seems to be giving thought to Caesa r’s message when Antony barges in, curses her for her treachery, that is just getting caught in the act of lying that is not how you have a good relationship. Another fact that needs to be taking into content when it comes to love is communication, with me and my ex we did not communicate. Our communication was literally not there at all we only talked when it was convenient for her.She did not put her best foot forward when it came to talking to one another it was never her wanting to actually to talk to me but instead just doing it because she had to. When it regards to the play Anthony and Cleopatra did not have great communication, she was pretty much a side chick in Anthony’s life. They had everyone do the he said she said life. For instance when she found out about Antony will marry Caesar’s sister, Octavia. She gets it from a messenger that delivers the word that Octavia is plain and unimpressive. She automatically gets jealous and doesn’t know tha t e is only doing it to solidify their loyalty to one another in the Caesar and Antony making an alliance with one another. She needs to be informed of this; they have to talk to one another. Me and my ex did not talk we fought when we talked there was no communication. Cleopatra thought that Antony was cheating on her when he was just making an alliance. Communication is key in love. Finally loyalty it is to me one of the big things you have to have when you’re in a obligation Antony thought he had Caesar’s loyalty when they made an agreement.He thought wrong Caesar breaks his truce, wages war against Pompey, and defeats him. How can you have believed anyone or trust anyone without true loyalty? This is how love in our day an age has fallen people don’t communicate, don’t trust anyone because people are not loyal anymore. Like I said before we live in a day and age where it is ok to cheat, and not be loyal to someone who you committed to. This day love i s lost, it is a distant memory, but when people are happy, loyal, communicate, and trust one another love will prosper.Love can never die it may be lost but when you find that special someone who you see and brightens your day when you see them. That is what love is, when no one else matters besides that person when you are with that person. Antony let power take control of him and Cleopatra let her trust issues and lust take control of her. Loves is a beautiful thing and every time Shakespeare writes a story about love he portrays what happens when you mess up. Love is a beautiful and when you get it you should never let go.

Do You Have a Well-Designed Organization? Essay

Do You Have a Well-Designed Organization? What are the main ideas of the article that you find important (insightful, relevant, practical) in managing people in organizations, and why? When I saw the topic of this article, I was attracted by it. Because when I worked in Sung-Yi Motor Corporation, a dealer company selling Mitsubishi motors in Taiwan, I sometimes feel my company is not a well-designed organization. Because I do not have the standards or right criteria to evaluate my corporation I can not definite that my corporation is a not well-designed organization. I am so exciting that I have the method and standards to evaluate it. The first sentence of this article â€Å"for most companies, organization design is neither a science nor an art; it’s an oxymoron. † I like this sentence very much. Because when I proposed the restructure project, I bumped into this kind of challenge. When my company set the branches in mainland China, we needed to support and control these branched. The first way we adopted is just add the responsibilities on my group, the result was that we can not support and control them effectively. We faced the difficulty and we need to adjust our structure to improve the situation. This article provides nine tests to evaluate the structure of organization. The nine tests can be categorized to two kinds of standards; four of them called fit tests are used to evaluate an existing structure, and the others called good design tests are used to create a new one. These tests help a company inspects its outside and inside situations. By the result of these texts, an organization can change its original not proper structure to a better one. Next paragraph I will use these tests to evaluate my previous company.

Life of Trouvere, Poet and Musician Adam de la Halle essays

Life of Trouvere, Poet and Musician Adam de la Halle essays The French-born, 13th century-era trouvre [sic] (meaning, in English, troubadour); poet; court musician and composer; and founder of early French secular theater Adam de la Halle, is best known as a an original and innovative medieval composer of chansons (songs); rondeau (rondos) ballet, and other music, much of it for the new French secular theater (which Halle himself founded) of that period (Adam de la Halle, Encyclopedia Britannica Online). In his lifetime, Adam de la Halle was perhaps better known in his own time by the jname Adam le Bossu, which means in English (approximately): Adam the Hunchback. The hump in Halles upper back was a birth defect, which caused Halle, all his life, to appear slightly stooped in his posture; and to be noticeably if not extremely hunch-backed (Adam de la Halle, Encyclopedia Britannica Online). Halle was born around 1237, in Arras, France, a city located in the Picardy region of northern France (Arras, France). Within this essay, I shall disc uss some of Adam de la Halles major artistic accomplishments:, e.g., within the 13th century French secular theater he founded; in poetry and musical composition, and will also explore various other highlights and key events of his life. According to the article Adam de la Halle (Wikipedia), Halles father, Henri de le Hale, one of the city of Arrass notables, intended that his son join the church. However, Adam de la Halle himself did not ever in fact do so. Obviously, he much preferred an active, even peripatetic life filled with artistic creativity (and quite secular creativity, at that). Nowhere is this medieval French musical artists essentially non-religious, personal orientation better reflected than within his creative works, especially the music and poems Halle composed for the French secular theater he founded. In this same ...

When Having an Agent is Not a Good Thing

When Having an Agent is Not a Good Thing In 2007, I was a new author basking in the glow of the success of my first self-published book – a collection of short stories, that had won several awards and some serious press. My head was full of ideas for my next book. After completing the manuscript of my literary novel, I started shopping it around. Imagine my delight when several agents showed interest in it. I soon landed an agent at a very reputable New York agency with a proven track record. The young agent I signed up with was enthusiastic at the prospect of selling both my collection and the new novel I was working on. His head was full of ideas, but then came a series of â€Å"but firsts.† The first few rounds of editing were easy until a bombshell dropped. A senior agent at the agency quit and the bulk of that agent’s high profile clients came to the junior agent who suddenly lost all interest in me. He was no longer as responsive as he used to be, and it would take him days to respond to simple requests. After a few months of dodging my requests to seek updates, he hired an intern to work with me on doing the rest of the revisions. In a few days, I received a marked up copy from the intern that involved cutting 30 percent of my manuscript – to the point that pivotal moments in the story no longer made any sense. I put my foot down and refused to do those edits. The intern quickly backed off and the junior agent took charge again. After a few rounds of reasonable revision requests, I was promised that my book would be shopped around, except it never was. I was told it would be presented at book shows and that too never happened. After 18 months of waiting for my agent to fulfill his side of the obligations, I decided it was time to leave. I thanked him graciously and bowed out of the relationship.   Two months after that, I sold my novel to a reputable small traditional publisher In 2014, researchers from Washington and Lee University used an excerpt of Saffron Dreams to show that reading literary fiction like my novel can actually make someone less racist. The study was published in Basic and Applied Social Psychology. Interestingly enough, the passage that was selected for the study was one that my agent’s intern had marked for deletion. I leave the moral of the story to your imagination.

Appendix C math Algrebra Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Appendix C math Algrebra - Speech or Presentation Example Answer the following questions. Use Equation Editor to write mathematical expressions and equations. First, save this file to your hard drive by selecting Save As from the File menu. Click the white space below each question to maintain proper formatting. 1. In this problem, we analyze the profit found for sales of decorative tiles. A demand equation (sometimes called a demand curve) shows how much money people would pay for a product depending on how much of that product is available on the open market. Often, the demand equation is found empirically (through experiment, or market research). a. Suppose a market research company finds that at a price of p = $20, they would sell x = 42 tiles each month. If they lower the price to p = $10, then more people would purchase the tile, and they can expect to sell x = 52 tiles in a month’s time. Find the equation of the line for the demand equation. Write your answer in the form p = mx + b. Hint: Write an equation using two points in the form (x,p). A company’s revenue is the amount of money that comes in from sales, before business costs are subtracted. For a single product, you can find the revenue by multiplying the quantity of the product sold, x, by the demand equation, p. The costs of doing business for a company can be found by adding fixed costs, such as rent, insurance, and wages, and variable costs, which are the costs to purchase the product you are selling. The portion of the company’s fixed costs allotted to this product is $300, and the supplier’s cost for a set of tile is $6 each. Let x represent the number of tile sets. There is a loss of $300 when no tiles are sold. The variable cost is also 0 since no tiles are sold but the company has to incur the fixed cost as the fixed cost does not depend on the production of tiles. Hence company makes a loss of $300. 4. A customer wants to make a teepee in his backyard for his children. He plans

Gas Industry and the Impact on UK Economy Essay

Gas Industry and the Impact on UK Economy - Essay Example This is because numerous factors influence the supply and pricing of gas creating extraordinary inconveniences in the country’s economy. The changing prices of gas usually inflict a lot of pressure on the local economy through pushing up bills for electricity and straining the energy needs. For instance, the nuclear disaster of Japan in 2011 was a significant factor that drove the prices of gas severely affecting the UK economy. This was fueled by the increase of demand for gas by Japan that created sentiment of scarcity. This is just one of lots of aspects that play a function in the UK gas consumption and inherently impact the general economy. This report navigates around the global gas industry, its features and particularly its effects on the vast economy of the United Kingdom. In order to underscore the vast industry and its significance to the economy, the paper will determine the basic problems of the gas industry, market structure, inflation, supply with demand, along with economic enlargement and unemployment. The essence of the report is to expose the inherent implications of the activities and events in the gas industry on the UK economy. The gas industry has several problems most of which induce negative implications on the general economy. ... Supply and demand in the gas industry Supply and demand in the gas industry play an enormous role in affecting the process of gas in the United Kingdom, which directly increases the bills for electricity generated from gas power stations. Any slight change in demand or supply of gas, therefore, has a massive impact on the UK economy (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: Select Committee on Regulators, 2007, 56). A clear example is the Japan nuclear tragedy, which led to the plants being taken offline. Therefore, Japan required more gas to meet its energy demands as an alternative to nuclear power. Gas dealers developed anxiety that the gas shipment destined for Europe could be directed to Japan; where there was high demand for natural gas and was being offered high prices. This trader sentiment created apprehensions that augmented the prices that energy corporations had to pay to purchase gas in the United Kingdom. This is the main reason behind high costs in bills in the count ry in the winter season. Similarly, the conflict in Libya has led to low supply of gas in European markets that imported gas from the North African state thus increasing the price of international gas. As a result, the cost of electricity generation rose pushing up electricity bills. In the United Kingdom, gas and bills are directly related because any changes in gas prices affects electricity bills of energy consumers who use electricity derived from power generators. Therefore, the varying cost of gas is a single dynamic that profoundly affects bills in the UK. For instance, high general price increase the rate of domestic heating as well as the charge of electricity. This has been contributed by the reality that the charge of electricity derived from gas power-stations

Evaluate the application of revenue management practice in the hotel Essay

Evaluate the application of revenue management practice in the hotel industry and discuss its impact on customers in the hotel industry; - Essay Example dification in the general handling of revenue management, inventory allocation, pricing strategy, use of information and channel management as concerns to revenue management tend to redefine the field. Similarly to how detailed past analysis might have a representation of the best pricing practice during the 1990s, apparently, the stock market-impacted algorithms exist in the cutting edge of modern pricing thought. Comparably, the highlighting on occupancy or average day to day rate, which might have dominion over revenue managers’ outlook over two decades ago has led to the dominance of revenue per available room i.e. RevPAR. Instances like this abound hence this article will endeavor to share all of the revenue management expertise with readers, in a series examining the modern revenue management’s best practices (Kimberley, Trevor & Juston 2008, p.12). Pricing tends to a feature of revenue management, which features a number of intriguing, as well as innovative developments recently. Whereas pricing has continues to be a significant driver having an effect on both occupancy, along with RevPAR, in the present environment surrounded by exceptional price transparency, rates have taken an even bigger role. Ascertaining the optimal rate to give to a potential customer tends to be one of the most significant concepts of revenue management. The basic fact that the appropriate rate- one that achieves the balance between replicating enough demand in maximizing occupancy, while at the same time, not deserting money on the table within the form of low down ADR turns out to be the key to a profitable revenue management strategy causing pricing perhaps the most significant concept of revenue management. Then how is a hotel capable of determining what the best rate has to be any time? In the past, this would center on historical analysis, while , at the same time, computed by the application of a discount to a fixed rack rate. In this case, there is no achievement of

Costs and benefits of the EMU

Costs and benefits of the EMU Abstract: This paper contributes to the ongoing debate over European Monetary Union (EMU) including the costs and benefits of joining it. Advocators of EMU stressed that it is essential to create a stronger European Union with greater economic, political and social cohesion, whereas the opponents did not support this stage of the European Unions construction such as the United-Kingdom, Denmark and Sweden, reviewing the merits of a single currency (OCA) and the requirements for a stable currency (Convergence Criteria). (Bernhard Winkler, 1996) Identify and discuss the costs and benefits of joining the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)? Do the benefits outweigh the costs? Introduction According to Franà §ois Mitterrand, â€Å"EMU is seen as a mean to recover some influence over European monetary affairs.† (Franà §ois Mitterrand, 1992)The French left wings president at time wanted the emergence of the European Union against the US dollar which has been widely used as the yardstick measurement for all currencies. In Europe, the existence of different national currencies was considered as the remaining barriers for a barrier-free single market and the influence of the dollar pressed the European Union (EU) to form an Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The genesis of the EMU with the initial impulse given by the Werner Report in 1970, then failed in 1973 with the oil crisis and finally relaunched with the Delors Plan in 1989 and the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992, was noteffortlessly. The EMU is a type of trade block involving a single market and a common currency. At the European scale, it involves a single European market within its borders and the adoption of the Euro. Economists usually refer to the EMU as an economic trade off between perceived benefits and cost of joining the area (Thomas D. Willett, 2002). There are diverging views on the extent of these costs and benefits, and therefore, especially on the question whether to join the EMU or not. The aim of this paper is to analyse the key issues surrounding the entry in the EMU, and balance positive and negative aspects. The pros and cons regarding the EMU require a careful analysis of the economic benefits and drawbacks at both national and company level. Debate surrounding the EMU There are many benefits that a country will have by entering EMU. Recently, the euro has gained a lot of influence since many European nations have adopted it. Indeed, the benefits of EMU increase and costs decrease as the level of integration intensifies. (Krugman, 1990)The growing importance of the euro in international trades and the increasing trade activities which result from adopting the currency clearly shows that benefits will outweigh costs. For a country international trades are fundamental in order to have a stronger economy. Therefore, the â€Å"antis-EMU† advocate that the process will submerge the individuality of the European nations in an â€Å"unwieldy federation, hobbled by bureaucracy, commanding little popular support and imposing a crippling burden of regulatory and other costs on Europes economies† (David Currie, 1997, pp.14) They believe that an organized Europe will have a negative impact for most member states as it will also â€Å"reduce the volume of trade and would certainly increase the level of unemployment† (Martin Feldstein, February 20, 2008). In order to join the EMU, a country must correspond to the Maastricht Convergence Criteria: price stability, sustainable public finances, exchange rate stability and durable convergence. The term â€Å"convergence† refers to the process of unifying technological and non-rival domains, preparing late countries in terms of structure and institutions to match with those at the forefront. One of the first obvious benefits is that the implementation of those criteria represents a factor of macroeconomic stabilisation and sustainable economic growth for both EMU countries and future members. However, the convergence requirements are also a clear example of conflict because they are considered as lacking economic rationale and imposing unnecessary pain. Many economists have attacked the convergence criteria, responsible of provoking instability and serving no other purpose except to delay. (De Grauwe, 1993) The convergence criteria and EMU itself seek to guard against â€Å"unsustai nable budgetary policies in a member state† because these are seen to lead to either â€Å"default or debt monetisation† which would â€Å"be a major threat to the overall monetary stability† (European Economy, 1990:100) Furthermore, the convergence criteria make clear that fiscal discipline is defined as the avoidance of an unsustainable build-up of public debt (Emerson, 1992, pp.107) and the transition to EMU for a country will amplify the domestic effectiveness of national fiscal policy for stabilisation purposes. (Emerson, 1992, pp.115) Benefits and costs of joining the EMU Our aim is to understand the incentives of the players in the EMU, and a natural starting point is to assess economic costs and benefits of a single currency for a country like France as an example. More or less, there are microeconomic benefits versus macroeconomic costs. a) Transaction costs and stable environment One of the most obvious benefits is the resulting ease of transactions across the European Union. Countries are using one currency and as a matter of fact, the elimination of exchange rate fluctuation helped to eliminate transaction costs in intra-EU trade. Firms and business are both saving time and money. For example, an estimated $30 billion[1] a year is spent on foreign exchange transactions. The transactions involve the change from one currency to another but also from accounting systems. Additionally, joining the EMU eliminates the possibility of exchange-rate variation with the EMU zone. If exchange rates move irregularly and unsystematically in response to arbitrary speculation, exchange volatility imposes a macroeconomic cost (David Currie, 1997). Thus, its elimination represents a real advantage as it provides a more stable environment for trade within the euro zone by lowering risks and uncertainties as the economy is more flexible and resources more mobile. b) Monetary policy and the European Central Bank Despite affecting a fundamental aspect of a countrys sovereignty, member-states must abandon monetary policy. Additionally, members are deprived from revenue of seigniorage which is the net revenue derived from the issuing of currency. This loss mainly affects high-inflation rate countries such as Greece or Spain for example. Monetary policy is not anymore at the national level but depends on a supranational authority, the European Central Bank, headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. Established in 1998, the ECB is responsible for monetary policy covering the sixteen member States of the Euro zone. Granting monetary control to the ECB means that National governments are giving monetary policy instrument such as regulating exchange rate and interest rate, and this is likely to involve a cost. This cost will occur during recession or inflationary boom, when a country will be unable to raise or lower interest rates independently of other countries within the EMU. c) Fiscal power of member-states Joining EMU severely limits the fiscal power of member-states. While they maintain formal responsibility for fiscal policy, member-states will have to show fiscal rectitude to avoid penalty. Convergence criteria require countries to reduce their debt which produced a ‘squeeze effect (Gà ¤rtner, 1997) for countries with loose fiscal policy. Indeed, fiscal policy remains the only macro-economic tool that is available to governments. At the same time, the union has the power of coordination and surveillance, and the ability to recommend modifications of fiscal policy and to apply sanctions against governments that have no taken the recommended steps. d) A single currency and its effect on public support As we already mentioned earlier, a member-state joining the EMU will have to adopt a common currency: the euro. Despite the fact that the adoption of the euro will clearly affect the countrys sovereignty, some people ‘feel closer to other countries (European Commission, 2002) which can bring Europeans together and build a notion of European identity. Therefore, the adoption of a common currency can result in undermining a nations identity. Currencies such as the â€Å"Francs† or the â€Å"Deutsch Mark† have symbolized economic prosperity, especially due to the fact that people trusted them. Moreover, the â€Å"Franc† was the French national currency since 1795 and has remained for two hundred and four years. The Deutsch Mark had the reputation as one of the worlds most stable currencies. For a country like France or Germany, the change of their currencies was a memorable step. Moreover, an obvious economic consequence is the impact on the purchasing power. For example, in France the switch from â€Å"Francs† to the â€Å"Euros† had a major effect on the French purchasing power. Twenty euro is the equivalent of approximately a 120Francs and this was perceived as a large amount of money in terms of purchasing power before the introduction of the new currency. While the adoption of the euro was meant to bring stability over the long-term, a study has been conducted showing that price rises were evident in the service sector such as restaurants, cafà ©s, hairdressers and recreational and sporting services. (Eurostat, 2003) Nevertheless, French consumers have noticed a change in the cost of living. Additionally, adopting a new currency is not always the easiest thing to do. e) Effects on firms and businesses Another benefit is the increase in attractive opportunities for foreign investors and these effects are unevenly spread across firms and businesses. Thus, larger firms will benefit more from EMU. For example, strong domestic enterprises will benefit from a greater degree of internationalisation of their markets. It will be especially helpful to small and medium sized enterprises which may not be able to reap sizeable economies of scale. Nevertheless, firms and businesses will be the first to experience the negative effects from joining the EMU. For example, travel agents and banks that are losing commission on currency exchanges and European currency traders will no longer be able to exert this business. Moreover, the single currency may lead to the â€Å"Europeanising† (Brown, B.2004, pp. 57-60.) of labour markets within the EMU zone. Consequently, it would be much easier to compare wages across the zone, especially in sectors where trade unions wield bargaining power. This w ill lead to an increase of wages and could engender major problem to companies outsourcing in low wages countries such as in Eastern Europe. The single currency will remove just the elements of labour-market flexibility. f) Price transparency and price convergence Nevertheless, joining the EMU will foster competition as there is greater price transparency across countries. Indeed, a single currency makes easier to show how prices differ between countries. It has been found that â€Å"the prices of goods differ considerably in different countries and continents due to the differences in currency.† (McCallum, 1995, pp24-25) As an example, before EMU, a customer living in France was able to buy a high value-added car cheaper when going in Germany. Hence, this leads to lower prices in the short to medium run because consumers can buy from the cheapest source and thus, drive prices down as companies are running under pressure. Indeed, â€Å"The formation of the euro zone and the SM of almost 300 million consumers will inevitably sharpen competitive pressures throughout Europe†. (Spanos et Al., Greek, pp.638) The subsequent enhancement of competition will increase economic efficiency and should cause price convergence. (Spanos et Al., Greek, pp.639) Consequently, the EMU provides information to its members and thus, enables them to make wiser decisions. g) â€Å"One fit all† policy problem: Moreover, other problems of joining the European Economic and Monetary Union will occur in the medium to long term. Indeed, the concern is that whether the states are sufficiently similar for them to co-exist with a common currency. For example, not all states are at the same stage of the trade cycle which represents a periodic fluctuation in the rate of economic activity as measured by levels of prices, production and employment. As an example, the UK is the worlds fourth largest economy and the second largest in the EU. The City of London represents Europes major European financial centre. The case of the UK has specific arguments: the UK has a lower level of intra-EU trade, one of the highest percentages of home owners and is affected differently by oil price movements due to different arrangements. It is then weaker and more vulnerable to external shocks which are unexpected shocks that do not affect every nation equally. (D. Johnson, C. Turner, 2nd edition, p180-183) Hence, if t he UK joins the euro, they will have to increase their exchange risks because the euro is turning around the dollar. The pound for example is neutral compared to the dollar and the euro. Consequently, the inappropriateness of one monetary policy for so many states is a major cost of joining the EMU. The case against the UKs entry in EMU depends also on other factors such as the recession the country is undergoing and the influence of the United-States. Benefits outweigh the costs? The case of Greece is a good example to show how benefits can outweigh the costs. Indeed, Greece has recently entered the EMU and thus, represents a good example for a number of candidates. Hence, it is an example of an economy in transition that has made a lot of progress in order to fulfil the macroeconomic convergence. A study of Greek firms has been conducted by Spanos (Business strategy analyst at Athens University) which helps to understand how firms react when entering the EMU and found that leading Greek firms â€Å"appear fully aware of the dramatic changes they will have to address in the near futureIn line with recent empirical evidence, the findings presented here are encouraging in that they suggest a strong learning effect that has presumably led Greek management towards convergence.† (Spanos et Al, pp.646) We understand that both EU membership and the panorama of competing in the EMU have acted as major catalysts. In short, the EMU has contributed toward the dev elopment of western-type of management style. Additionally, Greek firms have new challenges to overcome and this requires new competitive strategies, organizational structures, and management processes. Consequently, Greek firms strategy has shifted toward offer better quality products and services, and a tighter cost control. Trade theories are examples of why benefits outweigh costs. (Aiginger, K. et al, 1999, pp.3) The traditional theory was described by Ricardo in 1817; a country can achieve a â€Å"comparative advantage† resulting from differences in productivity or endowments between countries and regions. Consequently, trade liberalization and economic integration will result in production re-location and increasing specialization according to comparative advantages. Additionally, Mundell (1961) McKinnon (1963) and Kenen (1969) identified the reasons why a country should or should not enter a monetary union. If for every member-state benefits outweigh costs then the currency area is optimal. An â€Å"optimum currency area† (OCA) considers the premise that â€Å"when an external shock hits the economy, it is easier to adjust the exchange rate rather than domestic prices or wages.† (A. Belke and D. Gros, (1997). pp. 3/50) Indeed, this approach assesses what a country loses by giving up the exchange rate as an adjustment instrument. Conclusions To conclude, according to Martin Feldstein, EMU is seen by France as an opportunity to be a â€Å"co-manager† of Europe as an equal of Germany. Furthermore, it has been assumed that economic integration among the European countries will lead to convergence while reducing asymmetric shocks. However, classical theories assess that integration results in more specialization due to comparative advantage. Hence, core economies (France and Germany) may benefit at the expense of less efficient economies such as Eastern member-states. Furthermore, with a Single Market, firms will have to expand in size in order to compete. Such large firms are mostly located in core economies of the EU. However, Greece case study showed that EMU has contributed to the development of firms by offering higher quality products and services. We can then conclude that if a country joins EMU, benefits will clearly outweigh costs. References: Aiginger, K. et al. ‘Specialisation and (geographic) concentration of European Manufacturing, Enterprise DG Working Paper No 1, Background Paper for the ‘The Competitiveness of European industry: 1999 Report, Brussels. Ardy, B., Begg, I., Hodson, D., Mahe, I. and Mayes, D. (Eds) (2005) Adjustment to EMU: One Europe or Several? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Backà ©, P., Thimann, C., Arratibel, O., Calvo-Gonzalez, O., Mehl A. and Nehrlich, C. (2004) ‘The Acceding Countries Strategies towards ERM II and the Adoption of the Euro: An Analytical Review, ECB Occasional Paper Series, n °10. Frankfurt: European Central Bankn http://www.ecb.int/pub/ Brown, B. (2004) ‘Existing EMU, the International Economy, 18 (2), pp. 57-60. C. Allsopp M. Artis, â€Å"The Assessment: EMU, Four Years On,† Oxford Review of Economic Policy 19 Cambridge University Press, Bernhard Winkler. â€Å"Towards a Strategic View on EMU: A Critical Survey.† Towards a Strategic View on EMU: A Critical Survey Jan.-Apr 16.1 (1996): 1-26. Print. Commission of the European Communities (2004) ‘EMU after Five Years, European Economy, Special Report, and Number 1/2004, http://europa.eu.int/comm/economy_finance/publications/european_economy/2004/eesp104en.pdf Chang, M. 2009. Monetary integration in the European Union. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. David Currie, The Pros and Cons of EMU by, the economist intelligence Unit, January 20, 1997 De Grauwe, P. (2002) ‘Challenges for Monetary Policy in Euroland, Journal of Common Market Studies, 40 (4), pp. 693-718 Dinan, D. 2005. Ever closer union: an introduction to European integration (3rd ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner. Chapter 15 European Central Bank (2008) Statistical data Warehouse, http://www.ecb.int/stats/prices/hicp/html Gà ¤rtner, M. (1997) ‘Who wants the euro-and why? Economic explanations of public attitudes towards a single European currency, Public Choice 93 (3-4): 487-510 Greek Firms and EMU: Contrasting SMEs and Large-Sized Enterprises, Spanos et al. 2001, European Management Journal, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 638-648. (Available electronically) Johnson and Turner, 2006, Economic and Monetary Union Chapter 15 Dinan, 2005, Economic and Monetary Union Dr Rachel Doern, Royal Holloway University of London, Lecture n °5: Economic and Monetary Union, 2009 Panos.C. Afxientiou (1998), Convergence, the Maastricht Criteria, and Their Benefits, Philip R.Lane. â€Å"The Real Effects of European Monetary Union.† The Real Effects of European Monetary Union 20.4 (fall, 2006): 47-66. Print. Susan A. Banducci, Jeffrey A.Karp and Peter H.Loedel. â€Å"Journal of European Public Policy.† Economic interests and public support for the euro(June 2009): 564-81. Print. Thomas D. Willett.Some Political Economy Aspects of EMU. Elsevier Science Inc, 2000. Print. Kathryn M.E. Dominguez, The Journal of Economic Perspectives â€Å"The European Central Bank, the Euro, and Global Financial Markets.† The European Central Bank, the Euro, and Global Financial Markets Fall 20.4 (2006): 67-88. Print. Werner Bonefeld, Economic and Political Weekly. â€Å"Politics of European Monetary Union: Class, Ideology and Critique.† Politics of European Monetary Union: Class, Ideology and Critique 33.35 (1998): 55-69. Print. http://www.unc.edu/depts/europe/conferences/eu/Pages/emu8.htm http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmpubacc/541/54107.htm